{
  "title": "TimeNivo Global DST Transitions 2026",
  "version": "2026.07.29",
  "reviewed": "2026-07-29",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "coverage": "63 distinct IANA zones represented by 83 cities",
  "methodology": "Offsets were evaluated in six-hour UTC steps for calendar year 2026, then each detected change was narrowed to the first minute with the new offset using the runtime's IANA-backed Intl implementation.",
  "limitations": "Future government decisions can supersede time-zone database rules. Confirm mission-critical schedules close to the event date.",
  "rows": [
    {
      "iana_zone": "Africa/Cairo",
      "represented_cities": "Cairo; Alexandria; Giza",
      "transition_utc": "2026-04-23T22:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+03:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Africa/Cairo",
      "represented_cities": "Cairo; Alexandria; Giza",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-29T21:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+03:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Africa/Casablanca",
      "represented_cities": "Casablanca",
      "transition_utc": "2026-02-15T02:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+00:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Africa/Casablanca",
      "represented_cities": "Casablanca",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-22T02:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+00:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Chicago",
      "represented_cities": "Chicago",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-08T08:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−06:00",
      "offset_after": "−05:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Chicago",
      "represented_cities": "Chicago",
      "transition_utc": "2026-11-01T07:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−05:00",
      "offset_after": "−06:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Denver",
      "represented_cities": "Denver",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-08T09:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−07:00",
      "offset_after": "−06:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Denver",
      "represented_cities": "Denver",
      "transition_utc": "2026-11-01T08:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−06:00",
      "offset_after": "−07:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Los_Angeles",
      "represented_cities": "Los Angeles",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-08T10:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−08:00",
      "offset_after": "−07:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Los_Angeles",
      "represented_cities": "Los Angeles",
      "transition_utc": "2026-11-01T09:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−07:00",
      "offset_after": "−08:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/New_York",
      "represented_cities": "New York",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-08T07:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−05:00",
      "offset_after": "−04:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/New_York",
      "represented_cities": "New York",
      "transition_utc": "2026-11-01T06:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−04:00",
      "offset_after": "−05:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Santiago",
      "represented_cities": "Santiago",
      "transition_utc": "2026-04-05T03:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−03:00",
      "offset_after": "−04:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Santiago",
      "represented_cities": "Santiago",
      "transition_utc": "2026-09-06T04:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−04:00",
      "offset_after": "−03:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Toronto",
      "represented_cities": "Toronto; Montreal",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-08T07:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−05:00",
      "offset_after": "−04:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Toronto",
      "represented_cities": "Toronto; Montreal",
      "transition_utc": "2026-11-01T06:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−04:00",
      "offset_after": "−05:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Vancouver",
      "represented_cities": "Vancouver",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-08T10:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−08:00",
      "offset_after": "−07:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "America/Vancouver",
      "represented_cities": "Vancouver",
      "transition_utc": "2026-11-01T09:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "−07:00",
      "offset_after": "−08:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Asia/Beirut",
      "represented_cities": "Beirut",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-28T22:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+03:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Asia/Beirut",
      "represented_cities": "Beirut",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-24T21:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+03:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Asia/Jerusalem",
      "represented_cities": "Jerusalem",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-27T00:00:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+03:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Asia/Jerusalem",
      "represented_cities": "Jerusalem",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-24T23:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+03:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Australia/Melbourne",
      "represented_cities": "Melbourne",
      "transition_utc": "2026-04-04T16:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+11:00",
      "offset_after": "+10:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Australia/Melbourne",
      "represented_cities": "Melbourne",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-03T16:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+10:00",
      "offset_after": "+11:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Australia/Sydney",
      "represented_cities": "Sydney",
      "transition_utc": "2026-04-04T16:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+11:00",
      "offset_after": "+10:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Australia/Sydney",
      "represented_cities": "Sydney",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-03T16:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+10:00",
      "offset_after": "+11:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Amsterdam",
      "represented_cities": "Amsterdam",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Amsterdam",
      "represented_cities": "Amsterdam",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Athens",
      "represented_cities": "Athens",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+03:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Athens",
      "represented_cities": "Athens",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+03:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Berlin",
      "represented_cities": "Berlin; Munich",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Berlin",
      "represented_cities": "Berlin; Munich",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Dublin",
      "represented_cities": "Dublin",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+00:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Dublin",
      "represented_cities": "Dublin",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+00:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Lisbon",
      "represented_cities": "Lisbon",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+00:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Lisbon",
      "represented_cities": "Lisbon",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+00:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/London",
      "represented_cities": "London",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+00:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/London",
      "represented_cities": "London",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+00:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Madrid",
      "represented_cities": "Madrid; Barcelona",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Madrid",
      "represented_cities": "Madrid; Barcelona",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Oslo",
      "represented_cities": "Oslo",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Oslo",
      "represented_cities": "Oslo",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Paris",
      "represented_cities": "Paris; Marseille",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Paris",
      "represented_cities": "Paris; Marseille",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Rome",
      "represented_cities": "Rome; Milan",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Rome",
      "represented_cities": "Rome; Milan",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Stockholm",
      "represented_cities": "Stockholm",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Stockholm",
      "represented_cities": "Stockholm",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Warsaw",
      "represented_cities": "Warsaw",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Warsaw",
      "represented_cities": "Warsaw",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Zurich",
      "represented_cities": "Zurich",
      "transition_utc": "2026-03-29T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+01:00",
      "offset_after": "+02:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Europe/Zurich",
      "represented_cities": "Zurich",
      "transition_utc": "2026-10-25T01:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+02:00",
      "offset_after": "+01:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Pacific/Auckland",
      "represented_cities": "Auckland",
      "transition_utc": "2026-04-04T14:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+13:00",
      "offset_after": "+12:00",
      "change_minutes": -60,
      "direction": "clock back"
    },
    {
      "iana_zone": "Pacific/Auckland",
      "represented_cities": "Auckland",
      "transition_utc": "2026-09-26T14:01:00.000Z",
      "offset_before": "+12:00",
      "offset_after": "+13:00",
      "change_minutes": 60,
      "direction": "clock forward"
    }
  ]
}